fix: reject wrapped toStartOf expressions in parseToStartOfFunction (#1876)

## Summary

- Fixes a bug where `parseToStartOfFunction` incorrectly parsed `toStartOf` expressions nested inside wrapper functions (e.g. `-toInt64(toStartOfInterval(timestamp, toIntervalMinute(15)))`), causing invalid SQL with missing arguments in the time filter WHERE clause.
- Adds a prefix guard that returns `undefined` when `toStartOf` is not the outermost function, preventing the broken optimization from being applied.

Fixes [HDX-3662](https://linear.app/clickhouse/issue/HDX-3662/invalid-sql-generated-for-tables-with-wrapped-tostartof-in-order-by)

## Test plan

- [x] Added `parseToStartOfFunction` unit tests for wrapped expressions (`-toInt64(...)`, `negate(...)`)
- [x] Added `optimizeTimestampValueExpression` unit test for primary key with wrapped `toStartOf`
- [x] Added `timeFilterExpr` unit test verifying no broken compound filter is generated
- [x] Added `renderChartConfig` snapshot test against the full input schema from the bug report
- [x] All 637 unit tests pass


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.changeset/fix-wrapped-toStartOf-parsing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@hyperdx/common-utils": patch
+---
+
+fix: Reject wrapped toStartOf expressions in parseToStartOfFunction to prevent invalid SQL generation

packages/common-utils/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/renderChartConfig.test.ts.snap

@@ -766,3 +766,5 @@ exports[`renderChartConfig should generate sql for a single sum metric 1`] = `
       toFloat64OrDefault(toString(Rate))
     ) AS \\"Value\\",toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(\`__hdx_time_bucket2\`), INTERVAL 5 minute) AS \`__hdx_time_bucket\` FROM Bucketed WHERE (\`__hdx_time_bucket2\` >= fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1739318400000) AND \`__hdx_time_bucket2\` <= fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1765670400000)) GROUP BY toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(\`__hdx_time_bucket2\`), INTERVAL 5 minute) AS \`__hdx_time_bucket\` ORDER BY toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(\`__hdx_time_bucket2\`), INTERVAL 5 minute) AS \`__hdx_time_bucket\` LIMIT 10 SETTINGS optimize_read_in_order = 0, cast_keep_nullable = 1, additional_result_filter = 'x != 2', count_distinct_implementation = 'uniqCombined64', async_insert_busy_timeout_min_ms = 20000"
 `;
+
+exports[`renderChartConfig should not generate invalid SQL when primary key wraps toStartOfInterval 1`] = `"SELECT timestamp, cluster_id, service_id FROM default.http_request_logs WHERE (timestamp >= fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1739319154000) AND timestamp <= fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1739491954000)) LIMIT 200 OFFSET 0 SETTINGS optimize_read_in_order = 0, cast_keep_nullable = 1, additional_result_filter = 'x != 2', count_distinct_implementation = 'uniqCombined64', async_insert_busy_timeout_min_ms = 20000"`;

packages/common-utils/src/__tests__/renderChartConfig.test.ts

@@ -1176,6 +1176,18 @@ describe('renderChartConfig', () => {
           "toStartOfMinute(timestamp), ServiceName, ResourceAttributes['timestamp'], timestamp",
         expected: `(toStartOfMinute(timestamp) >= toStartOfMinute(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1739319154000)) AND toStartOfMinute(timestamp) <= toStartOfMinute(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1739491954000)))`,
       },
+      {
+        description:
+          'with wrapped toStartOfInterval in primary key (should not optimize)',
+        timestampValueExpression: `timestamp`,
+        dateRange: [
+          new Date('2025-02-12 00:12:34Z'),
+          new Date('2025-02-14 00:12:34Z'),
+        ],
+        primaryKey:
+          '-toInt64(toStartOfInterval(timestamp, toIntervalMinute(15))), service_id, timestamp',
+        expected: `(timestamp >= fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1739319154000) AND timestamp <= fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1739491954000))`,
+      },
     ];
 
     beforeEach(() => {
@@ -1223,6 +1235,40 @@ describe('renderChartConfig', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('should not generate invalid SQL when primary key wraps toStartOfInterval', async () => {
+    mockMetadata.getTableMetadata.mockResolvedValue({
+      primary_key:
+        'proxy_tier, status, is_customer_content, -toInt64(toStartOfInterval(timestamp, toIntervalMinute(15))), service_id',
+    } as any);
+
+    const config: ChartConfigWithOptDateRange = {
+      displayType: DisplayType.Table,
+      connection: 'test-connection',
+      from: {
+        databaseName: 'default',
+        tableName: 'http_request_logs',
+      },
+      select: 'timestamp, cluster_id, service_id',
+      where: '',
+      whereLanguage: 'sql',
+      timestampValueExpression: 'timestamp',
+      dateRange: [
+        new Date('2025-02-12 00:12:34Z'),
+        new Date('2025-02-14 00:12:34Z'),
+      ],
+      limit: { limit: 200, offset: 0 },
+    };
+
+    const generatedSql = await renderChartConfig(
+      config,
+      mockMetadata,
+      querySettings,
+    );
+    const actual = parameterizedQueryToSql(generatedSql);
+    expect(actual).not.toContain('toStartOfInterval(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli');
+    expect(actual).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+
   describe('Aggregate Merge Functions', () => {
     it('should generate SQL for an aggregate merge function', async () => {
       const config: ChartConfigWithOptDateRange = {

packages/common-utils/src/__tests__/utils.test.ts

@@ -1375,6 +1375,14 @@ describe('utils', () => {
         expr: 'toStartOfDay(',
         expected: undefined,
       },
+      {
+        expr: '-toInt64(toStartOfInterval(timestamp, toIntervalMinute(15)))',
+        expected: undefined,
+      },
+      {
+        expr: 'negate(toStartOfMinute(timestamp))',
+        expected: undefined,
+      },
     ])('Should parse $expr', ({ expr, expected }) => {
       expect(parseToStartOfFunction(expr)).toEqual(expected);
     });
@@ -1466,6 +1474,12 @@ describe('utils', () => {
         primaryKey: 'toStartOfMinute(`Time stamp`), other_column, `Time stamp`',
         expected: '`Time stamp`, toStartOfMinute(`Time stamp`)',
       },
+      {
+        timestampValueExpression: 'Timestamp',
+        primaryKey:
+          '-toInt64(toStartOfInterval(Timestamp, toIntervalMinute(15))), service_id, Timestamp',
+        expected: 'Timestamp',
+      },
     ] as const;
 
     it.each(testCases)(

packages/common-utils/src/core/utils.ts

@@ -624,6 +624,9 @@ export function parseToStartOfFunction(
   const toStartOfMatches = expr.match(/(toStartOf\w+)\s*\(/);
 
   if (toStartOfMatches) {
+    const prefix = expr.substring(0, toStartOfMatches.index!);
+    if (prefix.trim() !== '') return undefined;
+
     const [toStartOfSubstring, toStartOfFunction] = toStartOfMatches;
 
     const argsStartIndex =