Integrates a number of troubleshooting and architecture notes from my
experience debugging and investigating disk encryption related issues
over the past few months.. Adds diagrams for each platform showing how
the major components work together. Might be a bit wordy but wanted it
to be useful for engineers since it is so different on each platform
<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai
-->
## Summary by CodeRabbit
* **Documentation**
* Expanded and restructured disk encryption documentation with detailed
platform-specific workflows and troubleshooting guidance for macOS,
Windows, and Linux.
* Added and updated sequence diagrams for FileVault, BitLocker, and LUKS
encryption processes.
* Enhanced sections on key storage, recovery, and related resources with
additional guidance and links.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->
