docs: Adds documentation for the NG0919 error

Adds a new documentation page for the NG0919 error, which indicates a circular dependency in Angular applications.

fixes  #65968

adev/src/content/reference/errors/NG0919.md

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# Circular Dependency Detected
+
+Angular detected a circular dependency between components, directives, or pipes. This error occurs when component A imports component B, and component B (directly or indirectly) imports component A, creating a cycle.
+
+This circular reference prevents Angular from properly initializing the components, resulting in an error like:
+
+```text
+NG0919: Cannot read @Component metadata. This can indicate a runtime circular dependency in your app that needs to be resolved.
+```
+
+In older Angular versions, you might instead see an error like:
+
+```text
+Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'ɵcmp')
+```
+
+## Common Causes
+
+### Mutual Component Imports
+
+The most common cause is when two components import each other:
+
+```angular-ts {header:"parent.component.ts"}
+import {Component} from '@angular/core';
+import {ChildComponent} from './child.component';
+
+@Component({
+  selector: 'app-parent',
+  imports: [ChildComponent],
+  template: '<app-child/>',
+})
+export class ParentComponent {}
+```
+
+```angular-ts {header:"child.component.ts"}
+import {Component} from '@angular/core';
+import {ParentComponent} from './parent.component';
+
+@Component({
+  selector: 'app-child',
+  imports: [ParentComponent],
+  template: '<app-parent/>',
+})
+export class ChildComponent {}
+```
+
+### Indirect Circular References
+
+Circular dependencies can also occur through intermediate files:
+
+```text
+ComponentA -> ComponentB -> ComponentC -> ComponentA
+```
+
+## Resolving the error
+
+### Refactor shared logic
+
+Move shared functionality to a separate file that doesn't import either component:
+
+```angular-ts {header:"shared.service.ts"}
+import {Injectable} from '@angular/core';
+
+@Injectable({providedIn: 'root'})
+export class SharedService {
+  // Shared logic here
+}
+```
+
+### Use type-only imports
+
+If you only need types for TypeScript, use `import type`:
+
+```ts
+import type {ParentComponent} from './parent.component';
+```
+
+Type-only imports are erased at compile time and don't contribute to runtime circular dependencies.
+
+### Restructure component hierarchy
+
+Consider whether the circular dependency indicates a design issue. Often, extracting shared functionality into a third component or service is the cleanest solution.
+
+### Debugging complex circular dependencies
+
+For complex applications with many modules, circular dependencies can be difficult to identify manually. Consider using tools like [madge](https://www.npmjs.com/package/madge) to visualize and detect circular imports:
+
+```bash
+# Install madge
+npm install -g madge
+
+# Check for circular dependencies
+madge --circular --extensions ts ./src
+
+# Generate a visual graph
+madge --circular --extensions ts --image graph.svg ./src
+```
+
+These tools can help identify circular dependency chains across your entire project and generate visual dependency graphs.

adev/src/content/reference/errors/overview.md

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 | `NG0750`  | [@defer dependencies failed to load](errors/NG0750)                                  |
 | `NG0910`  | [Unsafe bindings on an iframe element](errors/NG0910)                                |
 | `NG0912`  | [Component ID generation collision](errors/NG0912)                                   |
+| `NG0919`  | [Circular Dependency Detected](errors/NG0919)                                        |
 | `NG0955`  | [Track expression resulted in duplicated keys for a given collection](errors/NG0955) |
 | `NG0956`  | [Tracking expression caused re-creation of the DOM structure](errors/NG0956)         |
 | `NG01101` | [Wrong Async Validator Return Type](errors/NG01101)                                  |

goldens/public-api/core/errors.api.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export const enum RuntimeErrorCode {
     // (undocumented)
     CYCLIC_DI_DEPENDENCY = -200,
     // (undocumented)
-    DEF_TYPE_UNDEFINED = 919,
+    DEF_TYPE_UNDEFINED = -919,
     // (undocumented)
     DEFER_IN_HMR_MODE = -751,
     // (undocumented)

packages/core/src/errors.ts

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ export const enum RuntimeErrorCode {
   MISSING_DIRECTIVE_DEFINITION = 916,
   NO_COMPONENT_FACTORY_FOUND = 917,
   EXTERNAL_RESOURCE_LOADING_FAILED = 918,
-  DEF_TYPE_UNDEFINED = 919,
+  DEF_TYPE_UNDEFINED = -919,
 
   // Signal integration errors
   REQUIRED_INPUT_NO_VALUE = -950,