fix(http): complete the request on timeout (#40771)

When using the [timeout attribute](https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/#the-timeout-attribute) and an XHR
request times out, browsers trigger the `timeout` event (and execute the XHR's `ontimeout`
callback). Additionally, Safari 9 handles timed-out requests in the same way, even if no `timeout`
has been explicitly set on the XHR.

In the above cases, `HttpClient` would fail to capture the XHR's completing (with an error), so
the corresponding `Observable` would never complete.

PR Close #40771

packages/common/http/src/xhr.ts

@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@ export class HttpXhrBackend implements HttpBackend {
       // By default, register for load and error events.
       xhr.addEventListener('load', onLoad);
       xhr.addEventListener('error', onError);
+      xhr.addEventListener('timeout', onError);
 
       // Progress events are only enabled if requested.
       if (req.reportProgress) {
@@ -332,6 +333,7 @@ export class HttpXhrBackend implements HttpBackend {
         // On a cancellation, remove all registered event listeners.
         xhr.removeEventListener('error', onError);
         xhr.removeEventListener('load', onLoad);
+        xhr.removeEventListener('timeout', onError);
         if (req.reportProgress) {
           xhr.removeEventListener('progress', onDownProgress);
           if (reqBody !== null && xhr.upload) {

packages/common/http/test/xhr_mock.ts

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ export class MockXMLHttpRequest {
 
   listeners: {
     error?: (event: ErrorEvent) => void,
+    timeout?: (event: ErrorEvent) => void,
     load?: () => void,
     progress?: (event: ProgressEvent) => void,
     uploadProgress?: (event: ProgressEvent) => void,
@@ -70,11 +71,12 @@ export class MockXMLHttpRequest {
     this.body = body;
   }
 
-  addEventListener(event: 'error'|'load'|'progress'|'uploadProgress', handler: Function): void {
+  addEventListener(event: 'error'|'timeout'|'load'|'progress'|'uploadProgress', handler: Function):
+      void {
     this.listeners[event] = handler as any;
   }
 
-  removeEventListener(event: 'error'|'load'|'progress'|'uploadProgress'): void {
+  removeEventListener(event: 'error'|'timeout'|'load'|'progress'|'uploadProgress'): void {
     delete this.listeners[event];
   }
 
@@ -129,6 +131,12 @@ export class MockXMLHttpRequest {
     }
   }
 
+  mockTimeoutEvent(error: any): void {
+    if (this.listeners.timeout) {
+      this.listeners.timeout(error);
+    }
+  }
+
   abort() {
     this.mockAborted = true;
   }

packages/common/http/test/xhr_spec.ts

@@ -147,6 +147,17 @@ const XSSI_PREFIX = ')]}\'\n';
       });
       factory.mock.mockErrorEvent(new Error('blah'));
     });
+    it('emits timeout if the request times out', done => {
+      backend.handle(TEST_POST).subscribe({
+        error: (error: HttpErrorResponse) => {
+          expect(error instanceof HttpErrorResponse).toBeTrue();
+          expect(error.error instanceof Error).toBeTrue();
+          expect(error.url).toBe('/test');
+          done();
+        },
+      });
+      factory.mock.mockTimeoutEvent(new Error('timeout'));
+    });
     it('avoids abort a request when fetch operation is completed', done => {
       const abort = jasmine.createSpy('abort');